Early History
Mataram was
founded in 1589. The Royal Centre is located in the southeast of the city of
Yogyakarta, Kotagede. The kings who ruled the Kingdom of Mataram, namely:P
enembahan Senopati (1584-1601), Panembahan Seda Krapyak (1601-1677).
In the Islamic
history, the Sultanate of mataram has important role in the course in the
Islamic kingdoms in Nusantara (Indonesia). This is apparent from the spirit of
the Kings to expand power and submit the regional population, the involvement
of religious leaders, until the institution of Islamic cultural development in
Java.
At first the
mataram Sultanate of pajang ridden as retribution over Arya Penangsang who was
defeated in the struggle. Sultan Hadiwijaya won the mataram area to Ki Ageng
Pemanahan. Furthermore, by ki Ageng Pemanahan Mataram was built as a place of
new settlements and fields.
However, his
presence in this area and its construction efforts got a variety of responses
from local rulers. For example, Ki Ageng Sleigh that comes from the House of
blatantly defying Kajoran presence. Similarly, ki Ageng tembayat and Ki Ageng
Mangir. But there is still that accepts its presence, such as ki Ageng
Karanglo. Even so, the response and reception that it does not change the
Foundation of Ki Ageng Pemanahan to continue development of the area. He built
a powerhouse in plered and prepare a strategy to subdue the rulers who opposed
his presence.
In 1575, the
understanding of death. He was succeeded by his son, Danang Sutawijaya or
Pangeran Ngabehi Loring Pasar. In addition to continuing his father's dream was
determined, he wanted to break free from the Dominion Post. Thus, the relation
between mataram and pajang was deteriorating.The tense relationship between the
knowing and the Sultanate of Pajang eventually leading to war. In this battle,
the Sultanate of pajang suffered a defeat. After tax authorities i.e.
hadiwijaya died (1587), Knowing him to be the King of Mataram with the title
penembahan Senopati Ing Alaga. He began to build his empire and moved the seat
of Government to the senopati Kotagede. To expand his power, penembahan
senopati launched attacks into the surrounding area. For example with the
conquering of Ki Ageng Mangir and Ki Ageng Giring.
In 1590,
penembahan senopati or commonly called the senopati took control of Madison,
who was allied to surabaya. In 1591 he defeated kediri and carry it on, and then
with jipang conquest Pasuruan and Tuban in 1598-1599.
As the new King
of islam, panembahan senopati implement conquest-conquest was to embody the
idea that they should become the center of Islamic culture and religion, to
replace or continue the Sultanate of demak. Also mentioned in the story the
Chronicle that the ideals were derived from divine inspiration received from
Lipura (village located to the southwest of Yogyakarta). The divine inspiration
came after dreams and encounters with the Lord of the Sea South of the
senopati, Nyi Roro Kidul, as he meditated in a cave and Parangtritis Langse
South of Yogyakarta. From that meeting said that later he would master the
whole Java island.
Government System
The system of
Government practised the Islamic mataram Kingdom is a God-King. That is the
highest power centre and absolute adaa on sultan. A sultan or King often
described as having the nature of sacred wisdom, which terpacar of lucidity
mien and kewibawannya that there is no tara. King appeared on the people once a
week at the Palace Square.
In addition to
other important officials of the sultan, is the priayi which is the liaison
between the King and the people. In addition there is also a warlord who had
the title Kusumadayu, as well as a lowly officer or Yudanegara. Other officials
are Sasranegara, administrative officer.
With such a
system of Government, Panembahan senopati reinforcing the influence of mataram
in many areas until he died in 1601. He was succeeded by his son, Mas Jolang or
Penembahan Sedaing Krapyak (1601-1613). The role of mas Jolang not much
interesting to note. After mas jolang died, he was replaced by Mas Rangsang
(1613-1645). At the time of pemerintahannyalah Mataram mearik triumph. Good in
the field regional expansion of power, as well as religion and culture.
Jatmiko Prince
Rangsang became King of Mas or mataram third. He got the name of his Supreme
Hanyakrakusuma the supreme power, during the period of Hanyakrakusuma managed
to bring success to the top of Mataram with the Central Government in
Yogyakarta. The title of "sultan" was carried by Sultan Agung showed
that he had the advantage of previous Kings, namely panembahan Senopati and
Panembahan Seda Ing Krapyak. He was crowned as King in 1613 at the age of about
20 years, with the title "Panembahan". In 1624, the title
"Panembahan" renamed "Susuhunan" or "Sunan". In
1641, the great Hanyakrakusuma receive recognition as the sultan of Mecca, then
took the title of Sultan Agung, Senopati Hanyakrakusuma more information Ing
Alaga Ngabdurrahman.
Because the
ideals of Sultan Agung to rule over Java, Mataram was involved in a prolonged
war with local rulers, or with the target VOCS kompeni Java. in 1614, sultan
agung's pasuruan, kediri, unifying, Malang, and unfortunate. In 1615, the
strength of the army was more focused to the mataram wirasaba, strategic place
for dealing with East Java. This area was successfully conquered. in the year
1616, there was a battle between the army and the army of surabaya, mataram,
pasuruan, Tuban, Jepara, wirasaba, Arosbaya and Sumenep.
This war can be
won by an army of mataram, and is the key to victory for the next period. In
the same year Lasem surrendered. In 1619, tuban and Pasuruan can unite. Next
the mataram dealing directly with Surabaya. To face the surabaya, mataram
besieged, that strategy performs first stormed the hinterlands such as Sukadana
and Madura (1622) (1624). Finally, Shanghai can be mastered in 1625.
With the
conquest of the conquest, Mataram-become a very powerful kingdoms militarily.
In 1627, the whole island of Java unless the Sultanate of Banten and the VOC
Batavia kompeni power ttelah managed to unite under the mataram. The huge
success of the growing confidence of sultan agung to challenge kompeni still
bercongkol in Batavia. Then, in 1628, Mataram prepares troops under the command
of Tumenggung Baureksa and Temenggung Sura Agul-agul, storming to Batavia.
Too bad,
because the strong defence of the Netherlands, this attack failed, even
tumenggung Baureksa fall. These failures cause the matara eager devised a more
trained force, with the preparation of a more mature. Then in 1629, Sultan
Agung's forces again invaded Batavia. This time, ki ageng Juminah as, Ki Ageng
Purbaya, ki Ageng Puger is the boss. The RAID was launched against Hollandia,
Bommel, fortress and weesp. However, this attack may be broken, causing the
mataram forces withdrawn in that year as well. Furthermore, the attack was
directed to blambangan mataram can be integrated in 1639..
For Sultan
Agung, Mataram Islamic Kingdom is carrying out the will of God in Java.
Therefore, the structure and position of kepenghuluan was built in the reign of
the Kingdom. The tradition of power such as the Friday prayers at the mosque,
ramadhan, and a giant effort pengamanalan the Islamic jurisprudence is part and
parcel of the court order.
Sultan agung
prediction as well as a poet. His famous kitab Literary Gendhing Fibers. As for
the book of Nitipraja fiber digubahnya in 1641 m. Gendhing literature contains
Fiber about the manners of inner harmony and sublime was born. Nitipraja fibers
contain the moral rules, so that the order of society and the State can be
harmonious. In addition to writing, Sultan Agung also ordered the Palace poet
to write the history of the babad Jawi Land.
Since the time
of sultan Agung's prior non-military development has indeed been done. One
worth mentioning perfecting, panembahan Senopati puppet with a surprising order
form. After the senopati, mas jolang is also credited in the culture, by trying
to put together the history of the country, as well as writing some of demak
kitap suluk. For example, Sulu Wujil (1607 M) containing the discourse to the
man of Sunan bonang majapahit King named Wujil. The Prince also composed
Karanggayam Fiber Nitisruti (1612 m) on the mas jolang.
Towards
the end of his life. Sultan Agung as a rule aimed at preventing the seizure of
the throne, between the Royal family and the Crown Prince. Under the leadership
of Sultan Agung, Mataram was not only a centre of power, but also became a centre
of the spread of islam.
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