Complete History of the Kingdom of Aceh

Complete History of the Kingdom of Aceh

Kingdom of Aceh stand towards collapse Pasai. As recorded in history, in 1360 M, Majapahit conquered by Pasai, and since that time, the Kingdom of Pasai continues to experience kemudunduran. It was thought, towards the end of the 14th century AD, the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam has stood with the first ruler Mughayat Sultan Ali Shah who was crowned on Sunday, 1 Early Jumada 913 H (1511 ad). In the year 1524 ad, Shah Mughayat Pasai, conquered and from that point on, became the only Government which have great influence in the region. It could be said that, in fact the Kingdom of Aceh is a continuation of the ocean Pasai to awaken and regain the brilliance of Aceh culture has ever achieved before.

At first, the Kingdom of Aceh this only includes “Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar”, led by father Mughayat Ali Shah. When the throne naih Mughayat Shah succeeded his father, he managed to strengthen the forces and unifying the territory of Aceh in his power, including conquering the Kingdom of Pasai. At that time, around the year 1511 ad, the small kingdoms in the East coast of Aceh and Sumatra as Peurelak (East Aceh), Pedir (in Pidie), power (Aceh Barat Daya) and Aru (North Sumatra) has been under Portuguese colonial influence. Shah Mughayat known to be very anti the Portuguese, therefore, to inhibit the influence of Portuguese, the small kingdoms he conquered and then insert it into the territory of his Kingdom. Since that time, the Kingdom of Aceh, better known by the name of Aceh Darussalam with a vast territory, the result of the conquest of the small kingdoms in the vicinity.

History records that, Shah Mughayat effort to expel the Portuguese from all over Aceh's Earth by conquering the small kingdoms that had been under Portuguese running smoothly. Sequentially, Portuguese Power in the area he gempur and he managed to defeat. When the Portuguese withdrew to Pidie, Pidie Mughayat also stormed over, so that the Portuguese were forced to retreat to Pasai. Mughayat then continue fight and captured the Portuguese Fort at Pasai.

When the Fort at Pasai Aceh has been overrun, the Portuguese withdrew to Peurelak. However, Mughayat Shah did not give a chance at all in Portuguese. Peurelak then also attacked, so the Portuguese retreated to the Aru. Not how long, Aru also successfully captured by the Aceh until finally the Portuguese retreated to Malacca. With great power, Aceh later went on the attack to pursue the Portuguese Malacca and Malacca capitulated. Portuguese fled to Goa, India. Along with that, continuing its expansion by conquering Aceh Johor, Pahang and Pattani. With the success of these attacks, the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam covers almost half the territory of the island of Sumatra, part of the Malay peninsula until Pattani.

Thus, although the leadership of Shah Mughayat relatively short, only until the year 1528 ad, but he managed to build up the Kingdom of Aceh are big and sturdy. Ali Mughayat Syah also laid the foundations of politics abroad the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam:

• Suffice the needs themselves, so do not rely on outsiders.
• Friendship is more closely with Islamic kingdoms in Nusantara.
• Be wary of Western colonial countries.
• Aid experts from outside parties.
• Run Islamic propagation throughout the archipelago.

After Mughayat Syah, the basics of political policy is still run by his successor. Historically, Aceh Darussalam reached during the heyday of Sultan Iskandar Muda Meukuta Johan Pahlawan Alam (1590-1636). At that time, Aceh is one of the very lively trading centre in Southeast Asia. Kingdom of Aceh at that time also has diplomatic relations with the Ottoman dynasty in Turkey, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. At the time of Iskandar Muda, Aceh had sent messengers to the Ottoman Turkey by bringing gifts. This visit was accepted by Turkey Ottoman Caliph and he sent a gift in return a cannon and military advisors to help strengthen the force of Aceh.

Relations with France are also interwoven with both. At that time, France had sent his envoy to Aceh by bringing gifts a precious mirror. However, this mirror apparently broke en route to Aceh. This seems to mirror the prize related to the penchant of Sultan Iskandar Muda in precious objects. At that time, Iskandar Muda is the only Malay rulers who have Balee Ceureumeen (Glass Hall) in his palace, a Palace In Darud Dunya. Allegedly, according to the French Envoy, the vast Palace of Aceh when it was less than two kilometers. Inside the Palace, there is also a large room called the Medan Medan Khaerani Fanciful and are capable of accommodating 300 Tail Elephant troops, and river flow Krueng which has been moved from its original location.

Before Iskandar Muda in power, are in fact also been entwined good relationship with Queen Elizabeth I and her successor, King James of the United Kingdom. In fact, Queen Elizabeth had sent his envoy, Sir James Lancaster carrying a set of high-value jewelry and letter to request permission for United Kingdom allowed anchored and traded in Aceh. The Sultan of Aceh responded positively to that request and respond by sending a gift, accompanied by a letter written in gold ink. Sir James Lancaster as a Messenger was also awarded the title of the rich White as a tribute. The following screenshot letter Sultan of Aceh on the Queen of United Kingdom dated 1585 M:

I am the mighty ruler of the Regions below the wind, who holds sway over the land of Aceh and over the land of Sumatra and over all the lands tributary to Aceh, which stretch from the sunrise to the sunset.

When King James reigned in the United Kingdom, he once sent a cannon as gifts to the sultan of Aceh. This relationship deteriorated in the 18th century, as the United Kingdom imperialism to control the appetite for Southeast Asia. In addition, Aceh had sent messengers led by Tuanku Abdul Hamid to the Netherlands, in the reign of Prince Maurits, founder of the Orange. In the visit, Abdul Hamid died and was buried in the yard of a church with great veneration, attended by princes of the Netherlands. Currently, in the Tomb there is a stele which was inaugurated by Prince Bernhard, the husband of Queen Juliana.

When Iskandar Muda died in 1636 M, which rises as his successor was Sultan Iskandar Thani Ala ' al-Din Shah Mughayat (1636-1641M). In the reign of Iskandar Thani, Aceh still managed to maintain its heyday. Next is the successor of Sri Queen Safi al-Din Taj al-Alam (1641-1675 CE), daughter of Iskandar Muda Iskandar Thani and Empress. Until the year 1699 ad, Aceh consecutive four people led by the Queen. In this period, the Kingdom of Aceh have started entering the era of its decline. One cause is the occurrence of internal conflict in Aceh, which caused the rejection of His women leaders. The scholars holds that His time, Islamic law does not allow a woman to be a leader of men. Then came a conspiracy among the wealthy person, and dijustifikasi, and by the uleebalang of opinion among the scholars who finally succeeded memakzulkan Queen Kamalat Shah. Since that time, ended the era of sultanah in Aceh.

Entering the second half of the 18th century, Aceh began to engage in conflict with the Netherlands and the United Kingdom that peaked in the 19th century. At the end of the 18th century, the territory of Aceh in the Malay Peninsula, namely Kedah and Penang seized by the United Kingdom. In 1871, the Netherlands began to threaten Aceh over the approval of the United Kingdom, and on 26 March 1873, the Netherlands formally declared war on Aceh. In this war, the Netherlands failed to subdue the Acehnese. In 1883, 1892 and 1893 M, war again broke out, however, the Netherlands again failed to seize Aceh. At that time, the Netherlands has actually been desperate to seize Aceh, until finally, Snouck Hurgronye, a scholar from Leiden University, suggested to his Government in order to change the focus of attacks, from the sultan to the cleric.

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